A throng more than 3,000 strong gathered at the
Walker Art Center Friday night to celebrate the opening of what is sure to be the
must-see art event of the summer: Picasso and American Art. It was a warm,
muggy night, perfect for a party, save for the occasional light drizzle that
dampened the outdoor Target lounge, but not the spirits of the partygoers
themselves.
Artinistas
young and old shuffled shoulder-to-shoulder just to get into the exhibit, where
they slid politely past each other in large but orderly packs, some standing on
their tippy toes or peering through a sea of elbows just to get a glimpse of
the master’s work. Getting close enough to read the nameplates was a bit more
difficult. People at the back could be heard murmuring “Is that a Picasso?,”
and a few moments later the message would be relayed from the front, “No—a
Gorky.”
In the
gallery itself, such herds, despite their size, tend to be relatively quiet,
but one is never sure whether it’s out of respect for the occasion or fear of
being overheard saying something stupid. This is especially true at the Walker,
where the exhibits are known for defying easy interpretation, and patrons have
become accustomed to being mystified and humbled on a regular basis.
Which is
one of the reasons this show is so different. After showings on the east and
west coast, at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York and the San
Francisco Museum of Modern Art, this is the tour’s only Midwest stop. It is
arguably the most accessible show ever to appear at the Walker (is there a
conscious being alive who is not aware of Picasso’s influence in the art world?),
and according to outgoing director Kathy Halbreich, deciding to host the show
was partly a strategic decision “to attract people who might not normally visit
the Walker” in hopes that they might view the permanent collection as well. Such
naked populism was entirely uncharacteristic of the Halbreich-era at the Walker
for the past fifteen years, and it’s far too early to tell if it is a
harbinger of things to come after her departure in November. It is far enough out of
character, though, that Halbreich felt the need to mention it to a roomful of
reporters on Thursday morning, if only to acknowledge that the management and
board are aware of the odd fit.
The
decision to do the show apparently hinged on the idea that it was too important
an exhibition not to do. Picasso is easily the most famous and iconic artist of
the twentieth century, and here is a show that demonstrates, in some of the most
startling and obvious ways imaginable, the force of the giant’s influence on
successive generations of America’s greatest artists, including such household
names as Max Weber, Stuart Davis, Arshile Gorky, Jackson Pollock, Willem de
Kooning, Roy Lichtenstein, and Jasper Johns. Put together over a ten-year period,
largely through the efforts of Whitney curator Michael Fitzgerald, Picasso and
American Art is a show almost everyone can “get,” because it puts several
well-known and instantly recognizable paintings by Picasso side by side with
the work of dozens of artists who either borrowed stylistically from Picasso,
shamelessly ripped him off, or tried to combat his influence by mocking or
trivializing him. Fitzgerald himself doesn’t want people thinking about this
show as being about Picasso’s influence—he prefers the word “response,”
because what the show is really about is the many ways in which American
artists of the early to mid-twentieth century had to grapple with Picasso’s
astonishing productivity (more than 45,000 works, which averages out to about
two pieces a day, every day, for sixty-plus years) and the unstoppable
juggernaut of his all-encompassing reputation.
There is little
subtlety in these responses. Some are so similar that it’s impossible not to
wonder why no one has pressed a copyright infringement suit—though in one case,
Claes Oldenburg’s sculpture "Soft Version of Maquette for a Monument
Donated to Chicago by Pablo Picasso, 1968," which sits next to a model of
the actual Maquette (baboon) sculpture Picasso gave to the city of Chicago, a
lawsuit was involved. Others, like the many Jackson Pollock’s in the exhibit,
feel like angry retorts: “You call that abstract? Watch this—drizzle, drizzle—now that’s abstraction for ya!" As one moves through the exhibit, however,
the responses to Picasso’s god-like legacy become less reverential, less
emotionally heated, and turn decidedly ironic. One can only do four things with
a god—worship it, wrestle with it, destroy it, or mock it—and the artists in
the latter half of the exhibit, particularly Roy Lichtenstein and Jasper Johns,
seem to have had a fine time poking fun at the legend of Picasso. In a quote on
the wall, Lichtenstein points out the extent to which Picasso’s work has become
a commodity, and he drives the point home by assimilating Picasso’s style into
what are essentially large, if exquisitely executed cartoons. Jasper Johns is
even more irreverent, taking one of Picasso’s famous noses and turning it
around and upside down in various hilarious ways. The tone is wry and satirical,
but it is, nevertheless, a reaction—one of many—to Picasso’s unignorable status
as the king of twentieth-century art. And this, after all, is the whole point of the
show. There is a great deal of tension in these pieces. One can almost hear the
conversation/argument between the master and his disciples, and it is one of
the most fascinating cultural dialogues in history.
It would be
all too easy to stroll through this exhibit, note the most obvious connections,
and say, “I get it: Picasso was a legend.” But those who grazed the show on
Friday night would be well-served to return for a closer viewing when the
gallery isn’t so packed. It’s easy to take Picasso for granted, because he has
become almost as much of a brand as Target, whose projected logo swirled over
the walls of the Walker throughout the evening, serving as a reminder that
practically everything these days has some sort of corporate sponsorship behind
it. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing, it’s just the sort of thing that tends
to divert people’s attention from more important matters. In this case, the
more important matter would be the profound ripple effect Picasso’s existence
has had on the evolution of art in the past hundred years. This show,
impressive as it is, illustrates but a pebble in a puddle of the tsunami that
was Picasso. By all means go and catch the wave, but don’t assume when you walk
out that you have “gotten it.” This is a Walker exhibit, after all, which means
that you should end up thinking about it for a long time to come.
Picasso and American Art runs through September 9 at the Walker Art Center.
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